The African National Congress (ANC) has lost its majority for the first time since the end of apartheid system, a shift in South Africa’s political history.
With more than 99% of votes counted from Wednesday’s parliamentary election, the ANC garnered just over 40%, falling short of the majority it has held since 1994 when Nelson Mandela became president.
The final results, to be formally declared by the Independent Electoral Commission on Sunday, confirm the ANC’s inability to surpass 50%, ushering in an era of coalition government for South Africa. This marks a turning point for the nation, as the ANC has been the dominant party for three decades.
Despite remaining the largest party, the ANC has experienced a dramatic loss of support compared to the 57.5% it received in the 2019 election. This decline is attributed to widespread discontent over persistent issues such as deep poverty, high unemployment, and inadequate public services including water, electricity, and housing.
The ANC will now likely seek coalition partners to maintain its governance and secure a second term for President Cyril Ramaphosa. Parliament must elect the South African president within 14 days after the election results are officially announced.
John Steenhuisen, leader of the main opposition Democratic Alliance (DA), hailed the election outcome as a crucial step in changing South Africa’s future. “The way to rescue South Africa is to break the ANC’s majority and we have done that,” he said. The DA received approximately 21% of the vote.
The newly formed MK Party of former President Jacob Zuma, which participated in its first election, secured just over 14% of the vote. The Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF), led by Julius Malema, obtained around 9%.
The road ahead for South Africa, Africa’s most advanced economy, is uncertain as coalition negotiations commence. ANC Chairman Gwede Mantashe indicated openness to discussions with various parties, while opposition leaders like Malema and the DA’s Steenhuisen have expressed willingness to negotiate. However, the MK Party has stipulated the removal of Ramaphosa as a condition for any agreement.
An ANC-DA coalition is seen as more favorable to foreign investors due to the DA’s business-friendly stance, in contrast to the nationalization policies advocated by the MK Party and EFF. Nonetheless, analysts predict challenges in forming a stable coalition government.
South Africa’s new political era comes amidst significant socioeconomic challenges, including a 32% unemployment rate and high levels of violent crime. The ANC’s support base, primarily composed of Black South Africans who make up 80% of the population, has been deeply affected by these issues.
With voter turnout estimated at 60%, the election saw South Africans braving long waits and power outages at polling stations, reflecting both their determination to vote and the country’s infrastructural struggles.
